Hefeng Nuoyuan Opera
Nuo opera is called "Nuoyuan Opera" in Hefeng. It is a kind of opera art that relies on fulfilling vows, uses Nuo altar as a carrier, and appears in sacrificial ceremonies. It is only a specific form of "Nuo" culture. It survives, reproduces and develops with its own particularity and strong religious color. It still exists in some mountainous areas of Hefeng, and is active in Tujia mountain villages with the development of modern civilization. In Hefeng Zouma Qianjinping, the Nuo altar owner and artist's tablet record in 1979 stated that "it has a history of more than 300 years since the opening of the altar and the inheritance of teaching". There are also introductions from Enshi Lime Kiln Nuo altar artist Jiang Pinsan and others that their ancestors "graduated from the Nuo altar in Chayuanpo, Beijia Township, Hefeng in their early years, and after returning to their hometown, there have been thirteen generations of descendants. Hefeng's "Nuoyuan Opera" is often called an altar by the group, and the owner is also called the altar master. There are about 8 to 10 people in a Nuo altar. Before liberation, there were about 25 Nuo altars in Hefeng for art transmission activities, mainly distributed in Zouma, Baiguo, Suoping, Nanbei, Yanghe, Tielu, Majia, Wuli, Taoshan, Liufeng, Qinghu, Xiaping, Beijia, Zhongying, Wuyang and other places. "Nuoyuan Opera" has been banned many times in successive dynasties, but it has always been passed down with its tenacious vitality. Now, there are two complete Nuo altar teams in Qinghu Village, Yanzi Township, Hefeng and Jiangkou Village, Tielu Township, which carry out "Nuoyuan Opera" performances all year round. They can complete the full performance of the "Nuoyuan Opera" series of texts, and young people perform in the altar. In 2004, the International Academic Seminar on Folklore Epics and Protection of China, Japan and South Korea was held in Hefeng County. More than 40 experts and professors attended the seminar to watch, investigate and study the primitive and simple "Nuoyuan Opera" performed by 81-year-old Huang Maoting (folk art master) and his disciples in Qinghu Village. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)