Heritage with Related Tags
La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning
The La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle watchmaking town planning site consists of two towns located next to each other in a remote area of the Swiss Jura Mountains, with land unsuitable for farming. Their planning and architecture reflect the watchmakers’ need for rational organization. The towns were planned in the early 19th century, after extensive fires, and owe their existence to this single industry. Their layout follows an open plan of parallel strips, with a mixture of residences and workshops, reflecting the needs of the local watchmaking culture, which dates back to the 17th century and is still active today. The site is an outstanding example of a single-industry manufacturing town, well preserved and still active. The town planning of both towns accommodated the transition from manual production in a cottage industry to more centralized factory production in the late 19th and 20th centuries. Karl Marx described La Chaux-de-Fonds as a “huge factory town” in Capital and analyzed the division of labor in the watchmaking industry in the Jura region.
Ivrea, industrial city of the 20th century
The industrial city of Ivrea, located in Piedmont, was a testing ground for Olivetti, a manufacturer of typewriters, mechanical calculators and office computers. The city consists of a large factory and buildings for administration, social services and residential units. The complex was designed by leading Italian urban planners and architects, mostly between the 1930s and 1960s, reflecting the ideas of the Community Movement (Movimento Comunità). Ivrea is a typical social project that expresses a modern vision of the relationship between industrial production and architecture.
Historic Areas of Istanbul
Istanbul, strategically located on the Bosporus Peninsula, between the Balkans and Anatolia, bordering the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, has been a center of major political, religious and artistic activity for more than 2,000 years. Istanbul's masterpieces include the Hippodrome of Constantine, the 6th-century Hagia Sophia and the 16th-century Suleymaniye Mosque, but today these buildings are threatened by population pressure, industrial pollution and uncontrolled urbanization.
New Lanark
New Lanark is an 18th-century village in beautiful Scotland where philanthropist and utopian idealist Robert Owen created a model industrial community in the early 19th century. The magnificent cotton mill buildings, spacious and well-designed workers' housing, and stately educational institutions and schools still bear witness to Owen's humanism.
Crespi d'Adda
Crespi d'Adda in Capriate San Gervasio, Lombardy, is an outstanding example of the "company towns" built by enlightened industrialists in Europe and North America in the 19th and early 20th centuries to meet the needs of their workers. The site remains well preserved and partly used for industrial purposes, although changing economic and social conditions now threaten its survival.