Intangible culture with Related Tags
Legend of Yongding River
Yongding River is the mother river of Beijing. Due to the terrain, the Yongding River Basin has been flooded repeatedly in history, so the name of the river is associated with the desire to avoid disasters and live a stable life. There are a large number of legends about the Yongding River in the Yongding River Basin. The basic feature is that the legends are connected with historical facts, and the shadow of history is reflected in the legends. Among the many legends, the most representative ones are "The Legend of Hedangdang River", "The Legend of Shijing Mountain and Shijing Mountain", "The Legend of the Water Buffalo in Yongding River Town", "The Legend of Old Man Wang Planting Willows on the Riverbank", "The Legend of General Feng Punishing the Old Soldier Ruffian", "The Legend of the Origin of Mayu Village", "The Legend of Liu Niangfu", etc. The legend of Yongding River is vivid, rich in content, and has a strong local color. It is the crystallization of the wisdom of the people on both sides of the Yongding River. It records the history of people's governance of the Yongding River and provides detailed information for the study of the production development history of Beijing. The spirit of the people around the Yongding River to fight against nature in order to subdue the floods reflected in the legend also has certain practical educational significance. At present, a large number of inheritors of the Yongding River legends in Beijing's Shijingshan District are all elderly. If they are not recorded and organized as soon as possible, the long-standing Yongding River folk legends may gradually decline under the impact of modern entertainment culture, and eventually disappear with the passing of the storytellers.
Zhihua Temple Beijing Music
Beijing Zhihua Temple was first built in the ninth year of the Zhengtong Period of the Ming Dynasty (1444). It was originally built by Wang Zhen, the eunuch in charge of ceremonies during the reign of Emperor Yingzong of the Ming Dynasty. In 1961, it was listed as one of the first national key cultural relics protection units by the State Council. Zhihua Temple Beijing music has been passed down for more than 560 years and is known as the "living fossil" of ancient Chinese music. Zhihua Temple Beijing music has distinct artistic characteristics: the music style is solemn, simple and elegant, the structure of the music is huge and standardized, the performance techniques are rich, and the repertoire is huge. It has high requirements in terms of inheritance, does not arbitrarily add, delete or change, and pays attention to protection and inheritance. Zhihua Temple Beijing music faithfully preserves the basic style of traditional Chinese music and provides a typical and vivid example for studying the connotation and changes of traditional Chinese culture. From the existing data, most scholars believe that Beijing music is related to the ancient music of the Tang and Song dynasties. It preserves the old system of the Song and Ming dynasties in many aspects such as repertoire, musical instruments, palace tunes, and performance methods. Traditional repertoires include "Happy Autumn Wind", "Taking the Swan", "Qingjiang Yin", "Plum Blossom Yin", "Xiao Huayan", "Zui Wengzi", etc. Since the 1950s, many famous musicians in my country have conducted research on Zhihua Temple Jing music and achieved fruitful results. Since the 1980s, Zhihua Temple Jing music has been discovered and rescued by the government, music and Buddhist circles, but there are still many problems that are difficult to solve. Most of the 26 generations of old monks in Zhihua Temple have passed away. The current surviving Benxing and Fu Guang are both old, and the 27th generation of inheritors urgently need to improve their skills. The huge changes in the current society have made the development of Zhihua Temple Jing music difficult. In the past two years, with the efforts of many parties, the 45 existing pieces of music have been recorded in time. However, the number of inheritors of Zhihua Temple Jing music is still very short, the band cannot reach the original scale, the timbre and content are single, and it is far from expressing the style of the original ancient music. Zhihua Temple Jing music is still in danger of being lost and urgently needs further rescue and protection.
Jingxi Taiping Drum (Shijingshan Taiping Drum)
Taiping drum, also known as "fan drum", "single drum" and "sheepskin drum", is a unique folk festival dance in Beijing. It appeared in Beijing in the Ming Dynasty and became increasingly popular after the Qing Dynasty, with a broad mass base. In the early days, Jingxi Taiping drum was a collective dance from Manchu women, and it was not until the early 20th century that men joined. Taiping drum activities are held from the first day of the twelfth lunar month to the beginning of February of the following year, so Beijing also calls it "New Year's Drum". Beating the Taiping drum symbolizes peace and happiness in the world, and has a special meaning of praying for blessings and welcoming the new year. Shijingshan Taiping drum has a history of more than 200 years. It is most popular in Wulituo, Moshikou, Beixin'an, Gucheng Village, Yamenkou and other villages in Shijingshan District, Beijing. The first and twelfth lunar months are its active periods every year. Taiping drum is as big as a cattail fan, with a drum handle at the bottom. There are many drum shapes such as round, oblate, trapezoidal, octagonal, etc. It is passed down among the people in three ways, the most important of which is family inheritance, followed by spontaneous learning and inheritance by villagers. Shijingshan Taiping drum is humorous and full of life, and can express different emotions through rhythm changes. The drum is both a musical instrument and a prop. It can be played and danced at the same time, or it can be played and sung at the same time. The dancer shakes the ring with his left hand and beats the drum with his right hand, making a crisp sound, dancing to the rhythm of the drum. The basic rhythm of female dancers is "twisting" and "trembling", and the basic rhythm of male dancers is "fanning" and "gen". Taiping drum music mainly consists of two parts: drum beats and tunes. There are more than a dozen kinds of drum beats. There are many ways to beat Taiping drums, including front hitting, back hitting, hitting the drum heart, hitting the drum edge, shaking the iron ring up and down, left and right, and a series of other skills. Shijingshan Taiping drum is a component of Jingxi Taiping drum. It has a long history, is widely spread, rich in content, unique in style, strong in regional color, and has a strong self-entertainment. It is deeply loved by the masses and has a high value of folklore research. It is a symbol of cultural identity of the people in Jingxi and an important means of emotional communication between villagers. In recent years, Shijingshan Taiping Drum has gradually lost its performance space and lacks successors, and is in urgent need of rescue and protection.
Tai Chi (Wu Style Tai Chi)
The founder of Wu-style Tai Chi, Quan You, a Manchu, was from Daxing during the late Qing Dynasty. The foundation, finalization, and development of Wu-style Tai Chi were all completed in Daxing, Beijing. Daxing, Beijing is the historical source of the development of Wu-style Tai Chi. At the end of the 19th century, Quan You, a Manchu, successively learned from Yang Luchan and his son Yang Banhou in the royal palace to practice small and large frame Tai Chi. After years of careful and hard practice, he gradually formed a medium frame Tai Chi with his own style and characteristics, laying the foundation for the formation of Wu-style Tai Chi. After Quan You passed away in 1902, his disciples Wang Maozhai and Wu Jianquan (Quan You's son) finalized it as Wu-style Tai Chi after years of intensive research. Its characteristics are: central, upright, comfortable, no vertical or jumping, no hitting or sending, gentle and slow, relaxed and natural, compact and stretched, flexible and agile, and the integration of acupoints, hitting, holding (joint reversal), sending (throwing), throwing, falling, and unloading (bone) are contained but not revealed. While inheriting the predecessors, successive generations of inheritors have boldly innovated to enrich the content. At present, this type of boxing includes: Tai Chi standing exercises, boxing routines, weapon routines, Tai Chi push hands, Tai Chi free-hand, small exercises for curing diseases and keeping fit, etc. Wu style Tai Chi (Northern style) is a philosophical boxing, brain skills, with multiple functions such as health preservation, curing diseases and strengthening the body, self-defense and violence resistance, cultivating sentiments, and martial arts education.
Illusion (Fu's Illusion)
Illusion is the ancient Chinese name for magic, and it is called "magic tricks" in folk culture. Illusion had already appeared in my country during the Western Zhou Dynasty; by the Han Dynasty, magic performances had become very mature. The idea of "Planting Pears", a famous article in "Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio", came from illusion. "Fu's Illusion" is a magic (illusion) performance that combines ancient illusions with foreign magic. It is a representative of Chinese folk magic and was rated as a national intangible cultural heritage in 2014. Fu's Illusion originated in the early 20th century. The founder Fu Zhiqing once learned foreign magic techniques from Japan and combined them with traditional illusions to create the prototype of Fu's Illusion. "Fu's Illusion" insists on giving equal importance to innovation and inheritance, and each generation of inheritors has their own original characteristics; at the same time, it insists on giving equal importance to theory and practice. Over the past few decades, more than 70 professional books such as "History of Chinese Acrobatics" and "Magic in China" have been published.
Ivory Carving
Ivory carving refers to the carving process and finished products made of ivory. Ivory carving in Beijing and Guangzhou has different artistic styles. Beijing ivory carving, also known as Beijing ivory carving, can be traced back to at least two thousand years ago. In the later historical development process, outstanding craftsmen who migrated or were recruited to Beijing from other places constantly exchanged ideas with local craftsmen in Beijing. After hundreds of years of practice, Beijing ivory carving has a graceful and elegant court art style and formed unique craft characteristics. Beijing ivory carving once declined in the late Qing Dynasty, but later, with the efforts of Yang Shihui and his descendants, this ancient craft was revived. Ivory carving has a noble beauty due to the quality of the ivory material itself, and has become a part of China's special arts and crafts. Beijing ivory carving technology is complex and difficult, with a wide range of themes, and the skills are passed down by word of mouth. Since the 1980s, for the sake of protecting elephant populations, the international community has once banned ivory trade, which has put Beijing ivory carving technology, which relies entirely on imported ivory raw materials, into a dilemma, facing a situation where there is no raw material and no young successors. In recent years, the international community has begun to abandon the rigid trade ban and allow the trade of ivory stocks. Even so, it is impossible to solve the problem that the Beijing ivory carving skills, as a special craft, have no one to inherit. A protection mechanism should be established as soon as possible to explore and rescue this ancient special skill. Guangzhou ivory carving is Guangzhou ivory carving. The hollow ivory balls, flower boats, and micro-carved calligraphy and paintings are all representatives of Guangdong ivory carving. Guangdong ivory carving products are mainly divided into three categories. The first is appreciation items, including ivory balls, flower boats, crab cages, flower towers, vases, birds and beasts, figures, stone mountain scenery, etc.; the second is practical items, including folding fans, table lamps, ashtrays, cigarette holders, pen holders, powder boxes, seals, combs, chopsticks, toothpicks, bookmarks, paper knives, chess, etc.; the third is decorations, including bracelets, necklaces, earrings, rings, pins, etc. Guangzhou ivory carving is famous for its hollow and deep carving techniques. In the long-term craft practice, a complete set of exquisite carving techniques has gradually been formed. Guangzhou ivory carvings are delicate and exquisite, exquisite and translucent, and pay attention to the bleaching and color decoration of ivory materials, both elegant and vulgar. The works are known for their luster and fine carving, and the overall layout is complicated and lively, leaving no blank space. Ivory carvings and other materials such as red sandalwood, rhinoceros horn, tortoise shell, and emerald feathers are cleverly inlaid on one piece, making the pattern more layered, and at the same time, the knife skills are sharp and angular, gorgeous and beautiful. Guangzhou ivory carving has a long history. It has developed to a certain extent during the Qin and Han Dynasties. The craftsmanship and production scale reached a historical peak during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Since the Republic of China, its craftsmanship has become increasingly sophisticated, and it is unique in the national ivory carving industry. The inheritance of Guangzhou ivory carving is mainly based on master-apprentice inheritance and family inheritance, and adopts a production model of handicraft workshops. Famous inheritors include Chen Zuzhang, Weng Zhao, Weng Rongbiao, Feng Shaoxia, Li Dingning, etc. Guangzhou, located at the southern gate of China, has close economic and trade relations with various parts of the world, and the development prospects of the handicraft market with national characteristics are also quite considerable. However, there are no family-style workshops in Guangzhou's ivory carving industry, and the master-apprentice relationship has also changed a lot. Manual skills have been lost or mutated unknowingly, and the delicate craft process has also been impacted. No one is willing and able to make a living solely with traditional ivory carving skills. This has greatly affected the development of Guangzhou's ivory carving industry and the inheritance of traditional skills. It is necessary to make a plan to change the current unfavorable situation as soon as possible.
Juyuanhao bow and arrow making technique
Juyuanhao was a arsenal specially set up by the Qing Dynasty royal family. Its bow and arrow shop was located in the bow and arrow compound near Dongsi, Beijing. In 1957, Juyuanhao was renovated and moved to Beijing No. 1 Sporting Goods Factory, becoming a district-owned unit in Chaoyang District, near the current International Trade Building. In 1998, Yang Wentong, the ninth-generation heir of Juyuanhao, set up a shop in the Tuanjiehu residential area in Chaoyang District and revived the old business. Juyuanhao's bow and arrow making skills inherited the fine tradition of China's hyperbolic recurved compound bow. The main body of the bow is made of bamboo, with horns on the outside and tendons on the inside, and wooden bows installed at both ends. The production of the bow is divided into two links: the "white work" of the bow and the "painting work" of the decoration. Bowstrings are generally made of cowhide and cotton thread. Juyuanhao mostly uses cotton thread. The steps of arrow making mainly include adjusting the rod, beating the skin, scraping the rod, installing the arrowhead and tail feathers, etc. The Juyuanhao Yang family of bow making won the Panama World Expo award in its early years. Out of his love for traditional bow and arrow skills and his awareness of cultural heritage, Yang Fuxi resolutely gave up his original job and learned from his father Yang Wentong, fully inheriting the full set of skills of the Juyuanhao Royal Bow and Arrow Workshop of the Qing Dynasty. The raw materials, tools, and techniques used by Juyuanhao to make bows and arrows are similar to those recorded in "Kaogongji", "Mengxi Bitan", and "Tiangongkaiwu". The various bows and arrows made by Juyuanhao are of high quality and well received by all walks of life. He was invited to Hong Kong to participate in the Asian Archery Exchange Activities, and was reported by CCTV and many media. The inheritance and development of Juyuanhao's bow and arrow making skills are now facing great difficulties. Yang Fuxi lives in poverty, has poor working conditions and environment, and has no apprentices to inherit his skills. If protection measures are not taken in time, it is only a matter of time before the skills are lost.
Juyuanhao bow and arrow making technique
Juyuanhao was a arsenal specially set up by the Qing Dynasty royal family. Its bow and arrow shop was located in the bow and arrow compound near Dongsi, Beijing. In 1957, Juyuanhao was renovated and moved to Beijing No. 1 Sporting Goods Factory, becoming a district-owned unit in Chaoyang District, near the current International Trade Building. In 1998, Yang Wentong, the ninth-generation heir of Juyuanhao, set up a shop in the Tuanjiehu residential area in Chaoyang District and revived the old business. Juyuanhao's bow and arrow making skills inherited the fine tradition of China's hyperbolic recurved compound bow. The main body of the bow is made of bamboo, with horns on the outside and tendons on the inside, and wooden bows installed at both ends. The production of the bow is divided into two links: the "white work" of the bow and the "painting work" of the decoration. Bowstrings are generally made of cowhide and cotton thread. Juyuanhao mostly uses cotton thread. The steps of arrow making mainly include adjusting the rod, beating the skin, scraping the rod, installing the arrowhead and tail feathers, etc. The Juyuanhao Yang family of bow making won the Panama World Expo award in its early years. Out of his love for traditional bow and arrow skills and his awareness of cultural heritage, Yang Fuxi resolutely gave up his original job and learned from his father Yang Wentong, fully inheriting the full set of skills of the Juyuanhao Royal Bow and Arrow Workshop of the Qing Dynasty. The raw materials, tools, and techniques used by Juyuanhao to make bows and arrows are similar to those recorded in "Kaogongji", "Mengxi Bitan", and "Tiangongkaiwu". The various bows and arrows made by Juyuanhao are of high quality and well received by all walks of life. He was invited to Hong Kong to participate in the Asian Archery Exchange Activities, and was reported by CCTV and many media. The inheritance and development of Juyuanhao's bow and arrow making skills are now facing great difficulties. Yang Fuxi lives in poverty, has poor working conditions and environment, and has no apprentices to inherit his skills. If protection measures are not taken in time, it is only a matter of time before the skills are lost.
Kite making skills (Beijing Kite Making Skills)
Kite making has a long history in my country, and its origin can be traced back to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Mozi and Lu Ban made bird-shaped instruments out of wood, which could fly when released, and were called "wooden kites". In the Han Dynasty, bamboo strips were used to tie bird-shaped frames and paste paper on them, which were called "paper kites". Later, bamboo whistles and bowstrings were attached to paper kites. When they were released, the wind blew and the whistles and strings rang, which made a pleasant sound, just like a zither, so they were called "kites". my country's kites are mainly produced in Beijing, Tianjin, Nantong, Jiangsu, Weifang, Shandong, Lhasa, Xinjiang and other places. Kites are divided into two types: hard-wing kites and soft-wing kites. The frame of hard-wing kites cannot be disassembled and is strongly affected by wind; the frame of soft-wing kites can be disassembled and boxed, which is easy to store and carry. When flying, each component can move freely. For example, the dragon head of the "Dragon Head Centipede" kite can move its eyes and claws can bend and stretch. Bird-shaped kites can spread their wings and fly among the clouds, and goldfish-shaped kites can slowly swim with their heads and tails shaking, and so on. In addition to these, there are also three-dimensional kites such as palace lanterns and flower baskets. The kite-making process integrates a variety of manual skills, and consists of skeleton-making, mounting, and painting. Among them, skeleton-making is the most critical. If the skeleton is not well-made, the kite cannot fly. In addition to silk and satin, tough and wind-resistant cotton paper is generally used for mounting. Painting is also very important in kite making. Many kites with exquisite painting have been collected as works of art. Peach gum can be appropriately added to the painting pigment to make the color brighter and also play a role in moisture-proof. Flying kites is a traditional folk custom in my country and is beneficial to health. During the Qingming Festival, the wind is upward, which is a good time to fly kites. Weifang, Shandong Province is a traditional production area of kites in my country. Zheng Banqiao, the county magistrate of Weixian County (now Weifang City, Shandong Province) in the Qing Dynasty, once described the grand occasion of kite flying in Weixian County in his poems, with the sentences "paper flowers are like snow flying all over the sky" and "it's good to fight butterflies for the return of spring". Now Weifang holds a kite festival every year to promote the traditional kite culture. At present, inheriting the kite-making skills is of great significance for protecting folk handicrafts, enriching people's cultural life, and improving the health of the general public. Fengzheng Ha is the abbreviation of the famous Beijing kite-making family, the Ha family. Its history of kite-making can be traced back to the late Qing Dynasty, which is more than 160 years ago. The Ha family's ancestral home is Guoziwa Village, Hejian County, Hebei Province. Because their ancestors passed the martial arts examination and went to Beijing. Later, the family fell into decline, and in order to make a living, they opened two shops in Beijing Liulichang to sell kites. According to the "Liulichang Chronicles", "Ha Ji Kites is located in Renwei Temple on the north side of the middle road of Liulichang. In recent decades, the kites made and sold by Ha Ji have been the most famous." From the first-generation founder Ha Guoliang to the fourth-generation heir Ha Yiqi, the Beijing kite Ha kite-making skills have been passed down within the family. The Beijing kite Ha kite-making skills emphasize the four arts of "tying, pasting, painting, and releasing". According to the structure and the degree of adaptability to the wind, kites can be divided into seven categories: hard-winged, soft-winged, hard-beat, soft-beat, string, parachute and three-dimensional. The making skills of Beijing Kite Ha Kite are widely used, and the perfect combination of technology and art in the skeleton structure and painting art of the kite has been achieved, forming a unique style. It is exquisite in materials, moderate in proportion, rigorous in connection, beautiful and generous, full in composition, complex but neat, simple but rich. The kites made are bright in color, stable and generous, with strong color contrast, and have the characteristics of strong wind resistance, fast take-off, high and stable after flying. Ha's kite is an exquisite work of art with certain collection value, and can also provide important reference materials for the study of folk handicrafts and folk art. With the evolution of the times, people's cultural and entertainment methods are constantly changing, the custom of flying kites has gradually faded, and the precious folk handicraft of Beijing Kite Ha making skills is slowly being forgotten by people. At present, this skill is facing the problem of no successors and lost skills, and it is urgent to attract the attention of relevant parties.
Roast duck technique (Bianyifang roast duck technique)
Roast duck is the most famous dish in Beijing. It was called "roast duck", "roast duck in oven", "Southern oven duck" and so on in ancient times. According to the "Essentials of Food and Drink" in the Yuan Dynasty, roast duck was already available in the palace at that time. The "Records of the Capital" and "Miscellaneous Notes of the Capital" in the Qing Dynasty also recorded that during the Mid-Autumn Festival, the imperial kitchen of the palace prepared Southern oven duck for the emperor to enjoy in addition to osmanthus mooncakes. Emperor Gaozong of the Qing Dynasty (Qianlong) was particularly fond of it. The roast duck restaurants in Beijing are mainly Bianyifang and Quanjude. Bianyifang was founded in the 14th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1416), and Quanjude was founded in the 3rd year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1864). Both have a long history. Roast duck is made from specially raised stuffed ducks, which are slaughtered, cleaned, made into (roast duck) blanks, dried, candied, and roasted. Beijing roast duck has different production techniques such as hanging oven (open fire), stewing oven (dark fire), vat oven, and barbecued pork. The roasted duck has crispy skin, tender meat, fat but not greasy, and delicious taste, which is highly praised by Chinese and foreign people. Beijing Bianyifang was founded in the 14th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (1416), mainly engaged in stewing oven roast duck. During the production process of stewing oven roast duck, the duck is not exposed to open fire. The finished product is reddish red, with shiny and crispy skin and white and tender meat. The skill of stewing oven roast duck in Bianyifang has been continuously developed in the hands of roast duck masters of all generations, forming the so-called "three uniques", namely the unique skill of stewing oven, the unique skill of selecting ducks and making blanks, and the unique skill of roasting duck slices. For hundreds of years, the delicious taste, crispy outside and tender inside of Bianyifang stewing oven roast duck has been attracting diners from all over the world. Yang Jisheng, a famous official in the Ming Dynasty, once wrote a plaque for Bianyifang. Emperor Qianlong and many officials and literati in the Qing Dynasty patronized Bianyifang. In modern times, more and more people from all walks of life come to Bianyifang to taste the braised oven roast duck, including government leaders, social celebrities, and foreign heads of state who come here to taste it. After tasting it, they have left many precious inscriptions and calligraphy works for Bianyifang. In the past six hundred years of changes, Bianyifang has accumulated and formed a unique roast duck skill and corporate culture, which has produced a wide social impact. "Bianyifang" is one of the first "Chinese time-honored brands" awarded by the Ministry of Commerce. At present, there are only a few roast duck chefs with comprehensive skills in Bianyifang Roast Duck Group Co., Ltd., and the training of young technicians cannot meet the needs of skill inheritance and development. At the same time, in the fierce market competition, the brand image of Bianyifang braised oven roast duck is being adversely affected by counterfeit and shoddy products. It is urgent to take effective measures to protect the effective inheritance of this excellent traditional handicraft.
Beef and mutton cooking techniques (Beijing barbecue cooking techniques)
Beijing barbecue mainly includes roasted lamb from "Kaorou Ji" and roasted beef from "Kaorou Wan". The barbecue production techniques of these two restaurants represent the highest level of Beijing barbecue. Beijing barbecue has a long history, unique flavor, exquisite ingredients, and superb skills. It has a high status in the history of Beijing and even Chinese cooking. Barbecue is a unique flavor dish in Beijing. When making it, the sliced beef and mutton slices are first marinated, and then placed on a special round iron plate (also known as "Zhizi") for roasting. Beijing barbecue originated in the court of the Ming Dynasty. At that time, it was called "eating roasted lamb". Later, it spread to the people and became popular in the market. "Kaorou Wan" opened in the 25th year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty (1686). The owner was a Hui Muslim named Wan in Dachang Hui Autonomous County, Jingdong. His family started by pushing a cart to sell charcoal and roast beef. After three generations of hard work, they finally bought a house near Xuanwumen and set up a shop. The name was "Kaorou Wanji", and later changed to "Kaorou Wan". For more than 300 years, the roast beef of "Kaorouwan" has been popular and deeply rooted in the folk of Beijing. It is closely integrated with the folk customs of the market and has been passed down to this day, becoming an important representative of Beijing-style food culture and skills. "Kaorou Season" was founded in the 28th year of Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty (1848). In the Qing Dynasty, the Shichahai Lotus Market opened on the first day of the fifth lunar month every year. From mid-July to around the ninth day of September, Ji Decai would push a cart to the Yinding Bridge to set up a stall to sell roasted lamb. The Ji family's barbecue overflowed with oil and fragrance, attracting many tourists to patronize, and the business was very prosperous. Later, the Ji family's barbecue skills were passed down for several generations, becoming more and more mature and perfect, gradually changing from a stall vendor to a seated vendor, and establishing the "Kaorou Season" brand on the Yinding Bridge. After 1956, "Kaorou Season" developed faster and became more famous. Since its establishment, "Kaorou Season" has never left Shichahai and has become a distinctive delicacy in this area. Tourists enjoy eating meat and watching the scenery. The barbecue production techniques and business model of "Barbecue Season" have the characteristics of Beijing's food culture and folk culture, and have high research value.
Making Techniques of Tianfuhao Braised Pork Elbow
Tianfuhao Braised Pork Shop was founded in the third year of Emperor Qianlong's reign in the Qing Dynasty (1738). At that time, Shandong suffered from a severe drought and no crops were harvested. Liu Fengxiang, a native of Ye County, Shandong, led his grandson Liu Diming to escape the famine and come to Beijing to make a living. They opened a braised pork shop at the northeast corner of Xidan Archway and named it "Tianfuhao", which means a blessing from heaven. The braised pork elbows made by Tianfuhao are crispy and delicious, with excellent quality, attracting everyone from high-ranking officials to ordinary people to patronize. Empress Dowager Cixi also praised it after tasting it, and gave it a "Tianfuhao waist badge", stipulating that Tianfuhao would deliver braised pork elbows to the palace every day with a fixed amount of waist badges. Since then, "Tianfuhao Braised Pork Elbows" have become tributes and their reputation has been boosted. In 1993, "Tianfuhao" was rated as a "Chinese time-honored brand". So far, "Tianfuhao" has been passed down for eight generations. In the historical changes of more than 270 years, its braised pork elbows and other products have always maintained superior quality. The skill of making Tianfuhao braised pork elbow was formed by the Liu family's grandfather and grandson through repeated research in the business. The method of making braised pork elbow is unique and different from others. Tianfuhao braised pork elbow is made of fine materials. After being made, it is fat but not greasy, lean but not dry, and the skin is not greasy. It has a rich and mellow aroma. Since the beginning of the 21st century, due to the heavy burden of old enterprises, shortage of funds and talents, small production sites, aging of skilled workers, outflow of skilled talents and other reasons, the inheritance of Tianfuhao braised pork elbow making skills has become increasingly difficult and there is a lack of successors. To change this situation, effective protection measures must be formulated as soon as possible.
Changdian Temple Fair
The Changdian Temple Fair in Xuanwu District, Beijing, began in the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty, flourished in the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, and reached its peak in the Qianlong period. In the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), after rectification by the municipal authorities, it was officially determined that the temple fair would be held from the first to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year with Changdian and Haiwang Village Park as the center, becoming the only official Spring Festival temple fair in the old Beijing. Around 1945, the Changdian Temple Fair was almost "a broken temple". After liberation in 1949, the temple fair was held from the first to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month every year at the intersection of Hepingmen and Hufangqiao. In 1960, it was interrupted for a time due to natural disasters. In 1963, the municipal government reopened the Changdian Temple Fair, which caused a sensation in the city. Later, due to road construction and the "Cultural Revolution", the Changdian Temple Fair was suspended. The Changdian Temple Fair lasted for more than 400 years, and it has evolved from a sacrifice to a temple market, and then to a book market, gradually becoming a folk activity of visiting Changdian during the Spring Festival that combines literature and business. It is known as "a combination of elegance and vulgarity, and a fusion of business and entertainment." The Changdian Temple Fair in history started from Heping Gate in the north, reached Liangjiayuan in the south, extended to Nanbeiliuxiang in the west, and reached Yanshousi Street in the east. It was centered around Xinhua Street, Haiwang Village, Huoshen Temple, and Lu Zu Temple, and was mainly located at the "Changdong Gate", i.e. Liulichang East Street. Since the Changdian Temple Fair was closest to the city center, it was a place that men, women, old and young from all walks of life in Beijing competed to visit during the Lunar New Year. The "Changdian Records" during the Guangxu period said: "It is usually empty and sparsely populated; in the first month of the year, the city's men and women are like clouds, with cars and carts full of people, and the streets are full of people." The Changdian Temple Fair is unique in Beijing for its long history, grand scale, open form, and especially its distinctive Beijing-style cultural characteristics. It has now become a window and platform for displaying Beijing-style folk culture and Xuannan culture. It is a large stage for the gathering of fine folk cultural and artistic works from all over the country. It has a profound cultural heritage and broad social significance. It is deeply loved by the people of Beijing, and has attracted the active participation of many traditional ethnic and folk projects and outstanding folk artists. The resulting social and economic benefits are increasing day by day. In 2001, the first spring of the new century, the Changdian Temple Fair, after an absence of 37 years, reappeared before the people of Beijing with a brand new look, profound cultural connotations and elegant cultural taste, becoming a landmark temple fair in Beijing and allowing this cultural activity with a long history to continue to be passed on.
Dong Nationality Song
Dong ethnic group big song is a general term for the Dong ethnic group's unaccompanied and unconducted multi-voice folk songs. It includes voice songs, narrative songs, children's songs, stepping hall songs, and road blocking songs. "Many low and one high" is its traditional voice combination principle, and beauty and harmony are its distinctive artistic characteristics. The singing teacher teaches the song and the singing group sings is its national inheritance method. It carries and conveys a nation's lifestyle, social structure, human ethics, customs, wisdom and other vital cultural information.
Traditional Xuan paper making techniques
Papermaking is one of the four great inventions of ancient China. Xuan paper is an outstanding representative of traditional handmade paper, with the characteristics of being tough and resistant to moths and rots. Since the Tang Dynasty (early 8th century AD), it has been the best carrier for calligraphy, painting and classic printing, and it has not been replaced by machine-made paper to this day. The traditional Xuan paper making technique has 108 steps, with strict requirements on water quality, raw material preparation, utensil making, and process control. This technique has been passed down from generation to generation through oral transmission and continuous improvement, combined with a variety of cultural elements, which has had a profound impact on the inheritance of Chinese national culture and played an important role in promoting national identity and maintaining cultural diversity.
Maixirefu
Meshrep is a tradition among the Uyghur people in China's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. Meshrep is the most important bearer of the Uyghur people's cultural traditions. The complete Meshrep activity includes a rich array of customs and performing arts, such as music, dance, drama, folk art, acrobatics, oral literature, food and games. The most comprehensive art form of this activity is Uyghur Muqam, which combines singing, dancing and entertainment. Meshrep serves as both a "court" and a "classroom" where the master of ceremonies mediates conflicts and maintains moral standards, and where people can learn about their traditional customs and habits. The master of ceremonies who understands its customs and cultural connotations, the famous performers who participate in the activities, and the entire Uyghur population who participate in the activities are the main disseminators and inheritors of Meshrep. However, Meshrep's viability is threatened by many factors, such as social changes brought about by urbanization and industrialization, ethnic and foreign influences, and the migration of young Uyghurs who flock to cities for work. The frequency of activities and the number of participants are decreasing, and the number of inheritors who understand the traditional rules and rich connotations of Maixirefu has dropped sharply from hundreds to dozens.
Chinese movable type printing
China's wood movable type printing is one of the oldest printing technologies in the world. This technology is preserved in Rui'an, Zhejiang, where it is still used to compile and print genealogies. Men are trained to complete the carving of Chinese characters, and then print after the process of carving, picking up characters, and arranging characters. This requires a wealth of historical knowledge and ancient Chinese grammar. Women are responsible for paper cutting and binding until the family tree is printed. The movable type pages can be used repeatedly after being disassembled. In spring, summer, autumn and winter, craftsmen carry sets of wooden movable type and printing tools and walk in local communities, from one ancestral hall to another. They print the genealogy by hand. After the printing of the genealogy is completed, there is a special ceremony, and the printing craftsmen put it away and lock it in a box for preservation. Wood movable type printing is passed down entirely through family inheritance. However, the intensive training required for this technology, the low income it generates, the popularization of contemporary computer printing technology, and the decreasing interest in printing family trees have all led to a rapid decline in the number of craftsmen who master this technology. Currently, there are only 11 masters over 50 years old who have mastered the full set of techniques. If it is not protected, this traditional industry skill will soon disappear.
Heritage with Related Tags
Beijing Garden Expo Park
Beijing Garden Expo Park is located on the west bank of Yongding River in Fengtai District, north to Lianshi West Road, south to the west extension of Meishikou Road, west to Beigong Road, southwest to Garden Expo Avenue, the exhibition area covers 267 hectares, Garden Expo Lake covers 246 hectares, and the total area is 513 hectares. Beijing Garden Expo Park adheres to the concept of "cultural inheritance, ecological priority, serving the people's livelihood, and sustainable development", and uses green technology to carry out ecological restoration and construction on the construction waste landfill. It is a large-scale public welfare urban park integrating garden art, cultural landscape, ecological leisure, and popular science education. The planning layout of the park is "one axis, two points, and five gardens". The "one axis" is the Garden Expo axis, which is the landscape axis running through the main exhibition area. The "two points" are Yongding Tower and Jinxiu Valley. Yongding Tower is an antique tower in the Liao and Jin style, 69.7 meters high, and is the landmark building of the Garden Expo Park; Jinxiu Valley is a model of "turning decay into magic" in the Garden Expo Park, turning a 20-hectare construction waste landfill pit into a sunken flower valley with clusters of flowers. The "Five Gardens" are traditional exhibition gardens, modern exhibition gardens, creative exhibition gardens, international exhibition gardens and wetland exhibition gardens, with a total of 69 exhibition gardens. Relying on the rich ecological environment resources and historical and cultural heritage of the Yongding River, Beijing Garden Expo Park gives full play to the advantages of the capital, with high-standard planning, high-starting point design, and high-quality construction, "turning decay into magic", and building it into "building a world-class garden city and practicing three Beijing charm projects", which has a far-reaching impact on improving the regional ecological environment, accelerating the construction of municipal infrastructure, promoting regional comprehensive development, and building a new pattern of tourism in western Beijing, and has become a shining pearl on the green ecological development belt of the Yongding River.
Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah's Palace and Maiden Tower
Built on sites inhabited since the Paleolithic era, the walls of Baku reflect the heritage of Zoroastrian, Sassanian, Arab, Persian, Shirvan, Ottoman and Russian cultures. The Inner City (Icheri Sheher) retains much of its 12th-century defensive walls. The 12th-century Maiden's Tower (Giz Galasy) was built on earlier structures dating from the 7th-6th centuries BC, and the 15th-century Palace of the Shirvanshahs is one of the jewels of Azerbaijan's architecture.
Beijing Baigongfang
Baigongfang is the best workshop in Beijing. After completion, the total area is 42,000 square meters, with nearly 100 art categories, and more than 100 arts and crafts masters set up special workshops and master studios here. The museum's exhibition includes the core main exhibition area, the comprehensive exhibition area, and is also equipped with an audio-visual education area, an academic exchange and discussion area, an appraisal area, and a comprehensive service area. The first phase of the project was opened at the end of 2003, and has successively received tens of thousands of Chinese and foreign tourists from all walks of life, and held academic seminars, collection auctions, master lectures, gem appraisals, design competitions and other activities. In March 2005, Beijing Baigongfang was officially approved by the relevant departments as a museum-Baigong Museum, which is also the first "living" museum in Beijing. Unlike other museums, visitors can not only appreciate various folk handicrafts and understand the development history of craftsmanship of various categories of crafts, but can even get close to more than 100 folk handicraft masters from all over the country, and create and discuss with them. Baigong Museum is jointly established and supported by the governments of Beijing and Chongwen District, and is sponsored by the Beijing Arts and Crafts Industry. The association jointly built it with the arts and crafts industry associations of eight provinces and cities, including Shanghai, Jiangsu, and Shaanxi. The Baigong Museum has a total construction area of 42,000 square meters, with more than 200 types of crafts and skills, and can collect more than 17,000 works of masters. The first phase of the project, which is now in use, includes more than 30 special craft workshops and 100 master studios, with varieties of designs such as cloisonné, jade carving, and ivory carving, "Eight Wonders of Yanjing". All masters who enter the Baigong Museum must bring an apprentice so that these skills can be inherited and innovated.