Heritage with Related Tags
Petroglyphs within the Archaeological Landscape of Tamgaly
Around the lush Tamgaly Gorge, in the vast and arid Chuli Mountains, are clustered some 5,000 petroglyphs (rock engravings) dating from the second half of the second millennium BC to the early 20th century. Distributed in 48 complexes with associated settlements and cemeteries, these petroglyphs bear witness to pastoralism, social organization and rituals of nomadic peoples. Human settlements at the site are often multi-layered, indicating occupation through the ages. Numerous tombs have also been found, including stone walls with chests and sarcophagi (Middle and Late Bronze Age) and stone and earth mounds (gurgans) (Early Iron Age to present day). The central gorge contains the densest concentration of engravings and what are believed to be altars, suggesting that these sites were used for rituals.
Catalan Romanesque Churches of the Vall de Boí
The narrow Boi Valley is located in the Altaribagorsa region of the Pyrenees and is surrounded by steep mountains. Each village in the valley has a Romanesque church surrounded by a series of enclosed fields. The higher slopes have large areas of seasonal pasture.
Madriu-Perafita-Claror Valley
The cultural landscape of the Madriu-Perafita-Claro valleys offers a microcosm of how people have harvested the resources of the Pyrenees for thousands of years. The glacial landscape is spectacular, with steep cliffs and glaciers, tall open pastures and steep wooded valleys, and covers an area of 4,247 hectares, or 9% of the Principality’s total area. It reflects past changes in climate, economic wealth and social systems, as well as the persistence of pastoralism and a strong mountain culture, notably the survival of a system of communal land ownership dating back to the 13th century. The site features houses, summer settlements, terraces, stone roads and remains of iron smelting.
Cultural Landscape of Hawraman/Uramanat
The remote mountain landscape of Khoraman/Ulamanat bears witness to the traditional culture of the Khorami people, an agro-pastoral Kurdish tribe that has inhabited the region since around 3000 BC. Located in the heart of the Zagros Mountains in Kurdistan and Kermanshah provinces on the western border of Iran, the property consists of two parts: the central eastern valley (Zhaverud and Takht in Kurdistan province); and the western valley (Lahun in Kermanshah province). Over thousands of years, human settlement patterns in these two valleys have adapted to the rugged mountain environment. Tiered steep slope planning and architecture, gardening on dry stone terraces, livestock raising and seasonal vertical migration characterize the local culture and life of the semi-nomadic Khorami people, who inhabit both lowlands and highlands at different seasons of the year. Their uninterrupted presence in the landscape is also marked by extraordinary biodiversity and endemism, as evidenced by stone tools, caves and rock shelters, earthen mounds, remains of permanent and temporary settlements, as well as workshops, cemeteries, roads, villages, castles, etc. The 12 villages at the site demonstrate how the Hawrami people have responded over thousands of years to the scarcity of productive land in their mountainous environment.