Traditional culture of the Bai people in Qi Village, Daying Town
Qi Village is located in Daying Town, Binchuan County, Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture. The village has 1,402 households and 5,769 people. The per capita cultivated land area is 1.7 mu, and the per capita income is 1,306 yuan (2004). Qi Village has a long history and rich culture. It is a village where every family collects books and grows flowers. Many celebrities have come from history. It is also the hometown of Yang Ganzhen, the noble of Nanzhao Dayining State. Qi Village has beautiful scenery and many cultural relics. The ancient buildings in each natural village are decorated with paintings and sculptures. Temples are mostly painted with dragons, phoenixes, lions, and tigers, and folk houses are generally painted with pumpkins and dragons. The overlapping brackets and flying corners of the house have a strong Bai style. There are many ancient courtyards in Qi Village, with front halls and back yards, and the curved verandas are extremely exquisite. Now 95% of the folk houses are civil structures, and brick-wood structures and steel-concrete structures are rare. The villagers' clothing and decoration are typical ancient Bai costumes. Women's clothes are short in front and long in the back. There are old, middle-aged, young and married and unmarried. The women in Qi Village are clever and skillful. Embroidery is mainly used for clothes, shoes, hats and other daily necessities. The patterns are bright and the craftsmanship is exquisite. During festivals, Qi Village is almost a grand exhibition of traditional embroidery art. The folk culture is rich and profound. It has been passed down from generation to generation from ancient times to the present. The annual "welcoming the emperor and the master" ceremony is the most representative; the three spirits, the king whip, the big song, the Bai antiphonal singing, the ancient music of the cave, the dragon and lion dance, the costume performance, the rice planting meeting, etc. are cultural activities that the villagers enthusiastically participate in. The residential buildings in Qi Village are unique. The village is composed of residential groups of the three major surnames of Zhang, Zhao and Yang. The surnames are relatively concentrated, the layout is orderly, the courtyards are majestic, and the mountain springs flow along the stone lanes. It is the most typical example of the Bai architectural style and architectural art in Binchuan area. There are Benzhu Temple, Taizi Temple, Laotai Temple, Wenchang Palace, etc. in Qi Village, which are constantly visited all year round. The most grand Buddhist activity is to welcome the emperor back to the altar on the 15th day of the first lunar month. On the 11th day of the first lunar month every year, each village takes turns to receive Guanyin Bodhisattva and Benzhu Zhao Shanzheng for worship, which means to enjoy the happiness with the people. On the 15th day of the first lunar month, each village will dance lions, and every household will prepare rich and delicious food and put it at the door to welcome the emperor home. The activities of welcoming the emperor are organized by men who got married in the village that year. In addition, there are activities such as the Birthday of the Virgin Mary (February 23 of the lunar calendar), Benzhu Festival (September 9 of the lunar calendar), Chaodou Festival (March 1 to 2, June 1 to 6, September 1 to 11), Chaodu Festival, Zhongyuan Festival (July 14 of the lunar calendar). On the Dragon King’s birthday on May 20 of the lunar calendar every year, the villagers will go to the Dragon King Temple to hold sacrificial activities to pray for good weather and good harvests. Folk literature plays an important role in the traditional culture of the Bai people in Qicun. It mainly praises the celebrities and heroes of the Bai people. In particular, the legends of Zhao Shanzheng and Yang Ganzhen are well-known. There are also many works praising free marriage and satirizing corrupt officials. There are more than 10 kinds of myths and legends, such as "Legend of Yang Ganzhen", "Strange Tales of the Spring Water in Muwang Temple", "Legend of Lotus Pond", "Story of Black Dragon Pond", "Legend of Milk Point Mountain", "Legend of Phoenix Mountain", "Origin of Taurus", "Footprints of Immortals", "Benzhu Umbrella", "Yin Yang Tree", "Dragon Horse Tree", "Dragon Horse Slope", and "Historical Myths and Legends of the Shengmu Temple in Qicun". Folk songs and ballads mainly praise the national heroes of the Bai people, reflect the production and life of the Bai people, and praise the fine traditions of the Bai people's diligence and kindness. The Dabenqu of Qicun also follows the "three-seven-one-five" lyrics and sentences. The melody and intonation are closely combined. Sometimes they are sung and performed with actions, which makes the music humorous and humorous. The accompaniment instruments are mainly small sanxian, and are also equipped with erhu, yueqin, percussion instruments, suona, bamboo flute, etc. The Dongjing music of Qi Village has a long history. The music is simple and elegant, beautiful and pleasant, with a slow rhythm and infectiousness, and has a strong Bai ethnic style. The performance of Dongjing music is mainly during the Spring Festival. In addition, villagers play it on weddings, birthdays, and the first and fifteenth days of each lunar month. The main repertoires include "Nanqing Palace", "General's Order", "Open the Door Big", "Open the Door Small", "A Cup of Wine", "-Song", etc. Folk traditional sports are mainly used for physical fitness and festivals and performances, including swings, horse racing, etc. Recreational activities include singing, women throwing bags, and spinning tops. (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.) (No pictures yet, welcome to provide.)