The polyphonic folk songs of the Hani ethnic group have a long history. They are mainly spread in several Hani villages centered on Puchun Village in Honghe County, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. The polyphonic folk songs of the Hani ethnic group include contents praising labor, praising love, and praising the beautiful scenery of mountains and fields. The most representative repertoires are "Wu Chu Aci" (mountain song of rice planting) and "Love Song". The singing methods are divided into two types: with instrumental accompaniment and without instrumental accompaniment. The singing occasions of the polyphonic folk songs of the Hani ethnic group are diverse. Terraces, mountains and villages can all be their performance spaces. The accompaniment instruments are all made by folk singers themselves. Sanxian and Xiao Erhu are only used in Puchun Village. The lyrics structure of the polyphonic folk songs of the Hani ethnic group consists of three parts: opening words, theme lyrics, and accompaniment words, which constitute a small basic paragraph. Its musical form shows distinct ethnic and regional characteristics in terms of song section structure, mode tone series, mode color, mode combination and polyphonic composition. The polyphonic folk songs of the Hani people embody the musical wisdom and talent of the Hani people and show the unique singing talent of the Hani people. During the field investigation, relevant experts have recorded the original form of the Hani polyphonic folk songs with 8 parts, which is extremely rare and has high historical, scientific and artistic value. The polyphonic folk songs of the Hani people are the treasures of Chinese national music and have attracted widespread attention from music professionals at home and abroad. The polyphonic folk songs of the Hani people are born with social production, especially with terraced rice farming. They are important materials for studying the culture of the Hani people and their national character and aesthetic concepts. The polyphonic folk songs of the Hani people are hidden deep in the hinterland of the Ailao Mountains. Their inheritance depends entirely on folk singers. Although they have attracted widespread attention from experts in the music and anthropology circles, they have not been protected in an organized and planned manner for a long time. The number of inheritors with comprehensive polyphonic music qualities is decreasing day by day. This precious folk music form is on the verge of being lost.