Occurrence of Attributes in Original Text
The text related to the cultural heritage 'Ancient Maya City and Protected Tropical Forests of Calakmul, Campeche' has mentioned 'City' in the following places:
| Occurrence Sentence | Text Source |
|---|---|
| Ancient Mayan city in Campeche, Mexico | WIKI |
| [2] In ancient times the city core was known as Ox Te' Tuun, meaning "Three Stones". | WIKI |
| [6] The city is located on a rise about 35 metres (115xc2xa0ft) above a large seasonal swamp lying to the west,[7] known as the El Laberinto bajo (a Spanish word used in the region to denote a low-lying area of seasonal marshland). | WIKI |
| [5] The city is situated on a promontory formed by a natural 35-metre (115xc2xa0ft) high limestone dome rising above the surrounding lowlands. | WIKI |
| At its height in the Late Classic period the city is estimated to have had a population of 50,000 inhabitants and to have covered an area of over 70 square kilometres (27xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi). | WIKI |
| The city was the capital of a large regional state with an area of about 13,000 square kilometres (5,000xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi). | WIKI |
| [12] During the Terminal Classic the city's population declined dramatically and the rural population plummeted to 10% of its former level. | WIKI |
| [14] Calakmul was a true urban city and not just an elite centre surrounded by commoner residences. | WIKI |
| [14] The entire population of the Calakmul kingdom, including the city itself and the rural population in the 13,000 square kilometres (5,000xc2xa0sqxc2xa0mi) area of the regional state, is calculated at 1.75 million people in the Late Classic period. | WIKI |
| [18] At times the city had governance over places as far away as 150 kilometers. | WIKI |
| [8] The causeway network that linked Calakmul with the cities of El Mirador, Nakbe and El Tintal suggest strong political links between the four cities that may have begun in the Preclassic, when both Calakmul and El Mirador were important cities, and continued into the Classic period when Calakmul itself was the most powerful city in the region. | WIKI |
| [23] Earlier times tended to be dominated by a single larger city and by the Early Classic Tikal was moving into this position after the dominance of El Mirador in the Late Preclassic and Nakbe in the Middle Preclassic. | WIKI |
| Calakmul was already a large city in the Preclassic period. | WIKI |
| [28] The nearby Quintana Roo site of El Resbalxc3xb3n has a jumbled hieroglyphic text, including a date in 529, that indicates that the city was within the control of the Kaan dynasty. | WIKI |
| By the middle of the 6th century AD Calakmul was assembling a far-reaching political alliance, activity that brought the city into conflict with the great city of Tikal. | WIKI |
| [33] Uneh Chan engaged in an aggressive campaign in the western Maya region and attacked Palenque on 23 April 599 with his ally Lakam Chak, lord of the small city of Santa Elena 70 kilometres (43xc2xa0mi) east of Palenque, defeating Palenque's queen Lady Yohl Ik'nal and sacking the city. | WIKI |
| Uneh Chan maintained his alliances with cities in the east and he is depicted on Caracol Stela 4 supervising an event involving king Yajaw Te' K'inich of that city that occurred before 583. | WIKI |
| [36] The immediate aftermath of this second victory over Palenque involved the deaths of the two most important nobles at the city, Ajen Yohl Mat himself and Janab Pakal, a high-ranking member of the royal family and possibly co-ruler. | WIKI |
| Their deaths so soon after the sacking of the city suggests that their demise was directly linked to Calakmul's triumph. | WIKI |
| Texts relate that the king of Naranjo was already captive at Calakmul on the day that his city was overrun and his punishment on the very same day is described by the word k'uxaj (/kxe2x80x99uxcbx90xcbx88xcax83xc3xa4xcfx87/) meaning either "tortured" or "eaten". | WIKI |
| [41] Yuknoom Head conquered another city in March 636, although the exact site is unknown. | WIKI |
| The Kaan dynasty was not originally established at Calakmul but rather re-located there in the 7th Century from another city. | WIKI |
| [44] A significant increase in the production of stelae at the city began with his reign and 18 stelae were commissioned by the king. | WIKI |
| [47] B'alaj Chan K'awiil was captured by Yuknoom Che'en II but, instead of being sacrificed, he was re-instated on his throne as a vassal of the Calakmul king,[48] and went on to attack Tikal in 657, forcing Nuun Ujol Chaak, the then king of Tikal, to temporarily abandon the city. | WIKI |
| When he died, Calakmul was the most powerful city in the central Maya lowlands. | WIKI |
| [56] A new defeat at the hands of Tikal is evidenced by a sculpted altar at that city, probably dating to sometime between 733 and 736, depicting a bound lord from Calakmul and possibly names Yuknoom Took' K'awiil. | WIKI |
| After this the historical record of Calakmul becomes very vague, due both to the poor state of the heavily eroded monuments at the city itself and also its reduced political presence on the wider Maya stage. | WIKI |
| The fact that Copxc3xa1n, a much more powerful city than Quiriguxc3xa1, failed to retaliate against its former vassal implies that it feared the military intervention of Calakmul. | WIKI |
| [58] Calakmul's presence in the wider Maya area continued to wane, with two of the city's major allies suffering defeats at the hands of Tikal. | WIKI |
| [67] However, there is strong evidence of an elite presence at the city continuing until AD 900, possibly even later. | WIKI |
| Ceramics dating to the Terminal Classic period are uncommon outside of the site core, suggesting that the population of the city was concentrated in the city centre in the final phase of Calakmul's occupation. | WIKI |
| [10] The majority of the surviving population probably consisted of commoners who had occupied the elite architecture of the site core but the continued erection of stelae into the early 10th century and the presence of high status imported goods such as metal, obsidian, jade and shell, indicate a continued occupation by royalty until the final abandonment of the city. | WIKI |
| [7] Calakmul matches the great city of Tikal in size and estimated population, although the density of the city appears to have been greater than that city. | WIKI |
| [72] The city's core was bordered on the north side by a 6-metre (20xc2xa0ft) high wall that controlled access from the north and may also have had a defensive function. | WIKI |
| Stela 50 is one of the last monuments erected during the final decline of the city. | WIKI |